Describe how Arthur Miller creates Essay

â€Å"Describe how Arthur Miller creates an exciting climax for both acts of ‘A View from the Bridge'† ‘A View from the Bridge’ by Arthur Miller, is a play about obsession and betrayal. The main character, Eddie Carbone, becomes overprotective over his niece, Catherine, to the degree of infatuation. This obsession helps to cause the break down of Eddie’s marriage, as his wife, Beatrice realises the alarming nature of Eddie’s fixation. Eddie’s feelings for Catherine existed before Beatrice’s cousins, Marco and Rodolfo came, but their arrival intensifies the situation, as Eddie becomes more and more jealous of Rodolfo, and of Catherine’s love for him. This play is a tragedy and, like most tragedies, it is serious and ends with the death of the main character, Eddie. Eddie dies after betraying his wife’s cousins to the immigration bureau. As a result, Marco, who is filled with hatred and in need of justice, stabs him. Arthur Miller was a New Yorker who worked on the Brooklyn docks, for a time. His experience of the docks and of the people around them, led him to write this play, which is set there. During this coursework, my aim is to study the ends of the two acts in depth to see what techniques Miller uses to make them dramatically effective. The last scene of act one (from page 39 when Catherine puts ‘paper doll’ on the phonograph) portrays at first is one of a reasonably happy home but Arthur miller uses a combination of significant action and verbal nuances to show depth of characters and character emotions. The basic events of the scene are Rodolfo and Catherine dancing, Eddie showing Rodolfo how to box, and then Marco, challenging Eddie to lift a chair. These are three main parts of this last scene, which demonstrate symbolic changes in the character relationships, the first two build up to the final conflict between Marco and Eddie, which sets the tone for the second act. The first important section of the scene is the dancing between Rodolfo and Catherine. We see in this scene that Rodolfo feels uncomfortable because of Eddie he ‘Stiffly rises, feeling Eddie’s eyes on his back’ this shows that Rodolfo may realise how Eddie feels towards his niece, Rodolfo doesn’t want to upset him, we see the way Eddie feels about the dancing in the stage direction ‘EDDIE turns his head away. ‘ These few simple actions are very important to the play, they show Eddies feelings and the start or progression of the hatred Eddie feels towards Rodolfo and show a subtle conflict between Eddie and his niece. During we find out about a number of things in more depth, for example our understanding of the plays characters changes considerably. We find that Marco disapproves of the way Eddie is treating Rodolfo, this is quite a surprise since we, as an audience do not expect Marco who has previously been shy and quiet to make such a blatant challenge as he does in this scene. Twists and surprises in a plot tend to create suspense and tension so this is a very effective technique to use. The action in this scene Marcos action of holding up a chair triumphantly in front of Eddie is an interesting and significant action because the chair seems to be a symbolic weapon. Marco is threatening Eddie with it, this is analogous to the way he actually uses a weapon to kill Eddie in the final scene of the play. The way that Arthur Miller uses such an imposing action as lifting a chair above head height to make a defined, pointed change in Marco is effective because it is dramatic and startling in the way that it breaks from the tone of the rest of the scene. Although powerful and startling the action of lifting the chair is also subtle in that it states without using words, just how Marco feels and sets out his warning, it is succinct which is part of what makes it effective. I do not believe words would have worked as well at portraying the overall feelings, not just of Marco but also of the other characters. This is a major way that Arthur Miller creates an overall atmosphere. He uses actions that involve the audience reactions and opinions of all the characters and the aids the creation of a climax. Emotions of the audience towards characters are mixed. They may feel happy for Catherine and Rodolfo in that they have found each other and seem so happy. Some may speculate, however, about that, this relationship’s days are numbered due to Eddie’s obviously hostile feelings towards Rodolfo. They may also feel anxious as to how the conflict that has arisen between Marco and Eddie will be resolved. This emotional uncertainty is exciting and leaves the audience thinking because of the culmination of events. This last scene in act one is used very effectively by Arthur Miller to sow the seeds of events which are going to happen in the 2nd act of the play. It is only at this point in the play that we get true insight into the feelings of Marco, his stubbornness, his need to prove himself and his brother, which turn out at the end of the play to be fatally strong. It is also only now that we see any dislike of Marco from Eddie, it is this dislike and need for apology that causes the end scene to happen in such a tragic manner. The Characters in this scene are very interesting to observe on their own but it is also interesting to see how Arthur Miller has contrasted the actions of his characters in this scene. One such contrast is that between Marco and Eddie. Eddie uses Aggressive action, such as boxing to make his point whereas Marco’s subtle challenge with the chair is, non-aggressive but still makes the intended point. These contrasts between the two men’s actions are very interesting and are very effective in demonstrating the differences between their personalities; this makes it even more interesting at the very ending of the play how Marco has changed into a person willing to be violent to get revenge. This final scene leaves many questions unanswered. The conflicts between the characters in this scene could lead the audience to speculate as to how things will develop in the next act but although this scene gives the audience, some idea of how things turn out it does not tell them everything. They may ask themselves what is going to happen to Catherine and Rodolfo’s relationship since it seems plain that Eddie dislikes Rodolfo and disapproves of his relationship with his niece. And they may wonder about Beatrice and Eddie’s marriage since it appears to be weakening there is no way, however that at this point the audience realise the ending, they are left in suspense. This means that the ending of this act is all the more of a climax; the audience are left teetering on the edge of knowing more but are left to ruminate till the second act. That in itself is enough to explain the way Miller creates of a climax here. The situations that develop in this play would be difficult for anyone to deal with. Eddie finds the situation that he is in especially difficult and consequently he is seriously affected by it. In this play Eddie goes from being a popular man, respected in the community to being a man willing to betray his own family and, in the final scene one prepared to kill. Eddie started by just being over protective of Catherine, which developed into jealousy of Rodolfo because Catherine loved him and this, in turn developed into passionate hatred of both Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie hardly understands what he himself is feeling at the end of the play. These emotional changes are central to Arthur miller’s play since they help to cause the chain of events leading up to the final tragic end and are very important in creating interest and drama in the play. This is especially significant at the ends of the acts and creates a charged atmosphere. The changes in Eddie during the play also have consequences on the people around him, especially on Beatrice. Eddie spends less and less time throughout the play with Beatrice socially and more importantly, he spends less time with her intimately. There is evidence in other scenes that the sexual part of the Carbone’s marriage has already collapsed but that Beatrice desperately wants to save the marriage by sitting down and sorting things out.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Communication - Essay Example Cultural decisions establish correct or acceptable behavior by determining individuals’ positions with regard to one another and with regard to other aspects of the social and natural environment. Thus the way we seem to â€Å"naturally† feel toward family members, authority figures, or the environment is determined by well-established traditions that arise from cultural decisions regarding the appropriate relationships between people as well as with other living things. For example, while domination of humans over nature is the norm in American and other Western cultures, in other contexts such as some African cultures, the appropriate position of humans with regard to nature is harmony and coexistence (Communication & Cultural Diversity Lecture). The prevalence of cultural decisions in controlling behavior over the long term often leads to a tendency to believe that the culture-specific view is the â€Å"right† view. From within one cultural perspective, the different values and beliefs of another culture or co-culture tend to seem misguided or wrong, leading to ethnocentrism (Communications & Cultural Diversity Lecture). It is easy to think of extreme examples where another culture’s beliefs are clearly abusive or otherwise harmful to society, but ethnocentric attitudes are probably more common and exceptionally dangerous when directed against less severe differences of opinion. Anthropological theories of culture are extremely useful and easily applicable to the mini-societies we call workplaces. By applying anthropological concepts to businesses, a new discipline called Business Culture theory emerges. The valuable insights of Business Culture theory offer an excellent method with which to evaluate potential employers, and by doing so determine to what extent the culture of a business is consistent with our own values. Evaluating the culture of a business requires that we analyze the workplace environment and

The life of Bobby Brown Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The life of Bobby Brown - Term Paper Example The life of Bobby Brown Born in February 5, 1969, the Bobby Brown had an objectionable lifestyle from the beginning. His birthplace was in Massachusetts, hardscrabble Orchard Park projects in the Roxbury, Boston area. His first name after birth was Robert Brown but later came to be known as Bobby Brown. Born to Herbert Brown, Bobby Brown was the second last among his seven siblings. Bobby Brown’s mother was Carol Brown, an elementary school teacher married to her husband, Herbert (a construction worker). Bobby Brown had undesirable experiences given the challenges of poverty during his early life, since his parents could hardly afford a high lifestyle status. This made Bobby Brown to adopt a thug life and turned to stealing with his colleagues of his age. His attempts to steal emanated from Bobby Brown’s desire to acquire what his parents could not provide him because of their low-income level. He desired to have attractive suits and nice pairs of shoes, which he stole from the store. Bobby Br own had a shot on his knees while stealing when he was ten years of age. The incidence occurred during violence breakout between Bobby Brown’s gang group and their rivals while they were attending a party. Bobby Brown also had a shoulder stabbing by knife from one of his acquaintances. The death of one of his friend, James Flint, after a stubbing, became a turning point of Bobby’s thug life. Flint died from the incidence during a party, an incidence that changed Bobby Brown’s life and made him quit his thug life and robbery. He gained determination, focused on his desires in life, and notably turned to hard work. He concentrated on making his lifetime dreams come true. Background From his tender age, Bobby Brown desired to be a musician. His role model was James Brown, whose performance thrilled Bobby Brown. In nurturing his dreams, Bobby Brown started singing in church and realized that he had a desirable voice for singing. Bobby Brown then formed a group with four comrades at the age of twelve, in which they began to sing. The group consisted of Ricky Bells and Ralph Tresvant. Present in the group, as well, were Michael Bivins and Ronnie DeVoe. They named the group as New Edition and performed winning many titles in talent shows (Hallenbeck-Huber, 2010). Maurice Starr, a producer identified the group, New Edition and sponsored it. Starr offered the group a recording contract in 1983. The group produced their first album known as Candy Girl, which gained dominance and fame. Other albums that the group produced while with Bobby Brown included, â€Å"Cool It Now† and the famous â€Å"Mr. Telephone Man†. The fall out of Bobby Brown with his friends came in 1986 after the others could no longer tolerate his rude antics while on stage. He then released his solo album, King of Stage, the same year of the fallout. The album later shined, courtesy of the song, Girlfriend. His next release, the 1988’s Don’t Be Cruel, el evated him to high levels. Data collection methods Collection of data on the life of Bobby will mainly involve the use of reviewed articles about his biography. Sources that outline the various albums produced by Bobby in his music career from 1983 shall serve as credible sources for data collection. Data collection on the life of Bobby would be accessible through interviews attended. The interview of Bobby and Oprah Winfrey would offer an important source for data collecti

The lack of specific statutory legislation to deal with media Essay

The lack of specific statutory legislation to deal with media intrusion can be regarded as a weakness in English law. The Irish Privacy Bill 2006 represents a m - Essay Example In UK there is no specific statutory provision for the protection of privacy. However, because the violation of personal life cannot remain in certain circumstances without punishment, for this reason, the courts use instead the principles of law that are related with Human Rights in general. In this context, Human Rights Act of 1998 is the most common legislative text used by courts in UK in order to provide protection to people that have suffered an intrusion to their personal life by media. It has to be noticed though that English courts deal with the issue only at the level that the relevant freedoms provided by the English law are violated. In accordance with the article 2 of the Human Rights Act of 1998 ‘Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by the law’ (article 2, par.1). Furthermore, Human Rights Act of 1998 include a series of articles that provide protection in many cases when human rights are been threatened. We can indicatively refer to ‘th e right to liberty and security (article 5), the right to a fair trial (article 6), the right to respect for private and family life (article 8), the freedom of thought, conscience and religion (article 9), the freedom of expression (article 10), the freedom of assembly and association (article 11), the right to an effective remedy (article 13)’ and so on. At the European level, the right of privacy is also protected using the European Convention on the Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of 1948 as it has been amended by a series of protocols (no. 4, 6, 7, 11 and 12). An interesting legislative text in the area of protection of privacy is the Irish Privacy Bill 2006 which covers all possible aspects of personal life that can suffer an intrusion and violation. Generally, it has been stated by Ellis (1993, 85) that ‘British law recognises no statutory right to privacy but The Data Protection Act 1984 was the first Act to address this

Government Should Regulate Internet Content Essay

Government Should Regulate Internet Content - Essay Example In that same second 372 internet users are typing adult search terms into search engines. Every 39 minutes a new pornographic video is being created in the U.S. (Ropelato). These videos contaminate the thoughts of young children. They gain access to adult material before understanding the gravity of such things. As a result of this, they take extreme steps. In the days when there was no internet, children did not have â€Å"easy access† to porn. They had to purchase adult material from movie shops which not only cost them a lot, but they also were at the risk of being caught by parents, siblings, friends or peers while purchasing such movies. Watching them on the VCR was also no less risky. In those days, it was not possible to shift the TV from one place to another. In every house, there used to be a specific place for TV. Such place usually used to be in the TV lounge where everybody would frequently come, sit and go. Children had had a tough time managing to watch the movie when somebody would get into the room from anywhere anytime. These factors potentially discouraged children from watching porn at home, and many would spare the idea of watching such movies given the enormity of risks associated with this practice. With the evolution of internet, porn is just at a distance of the click on the mouse. Children’s frequent, quick and easy access to porn has retrograded the society on the grounds of morality. Children’s access to porn not only makes them morally weak, but is also very bad for their psychological and physical health. Children become habitual to committing crime in isolation. The negative energies that cultivate in them gradually show up in their daily dealing and interaction with others. In order to regulate the frustration, adolescents tend to build physical relationships with others before marriage. Many do not have access to members of the opposite gender for such relationships, and hence may resort to homosexuality to f ulfill their physical needs. Porn arouses dangerously violent and wild desires in the children even before they become mature enough to handle such feelings. Consequently, many children land themselves in troubles which keep bugging them throughout their life. It is not just porn that is very deleterious to the moral health of the society, internet provides users with access to information that they can use to have a negative influence on the society. There are videos that teach how to make a bomb. Having seen these videos, an individual can make a bomb at home with the materials locally available with least expenses. As a result of this, they are bale to possess bomb illegally, and may use them for their individualistic purposes against any agency, sect or community in the society. â€Å"†¦those who trade in child porn or bombmaking recipes don't do so in the public domain but swap their information on obscure message boards or by way of peer-to-peer file-sharing sites† (Heacock). Firewall is considered to be a strong shield for network security. Firewall essentially functions like a packet filter that studies various IP packets and after thorough examination, lets only this IP packets pass that conform to the particular criteria of destination, support the specific applications and also run particular transport protocols (Messerschmitt 2). There is no best firewall that can provide a network with ultimate security. In fact, absolute access and absolute security are two extremes. A machine can be

Public Finance - Tax System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Finance - Tax System - Essay Example While a tax is imposed it somehow hampers the free market operation and hence tax is subject to some social cost. Thats why an efficient taxation should minimize the social cost or welfare loss. On the other hand it should target to encourage the saving and investment in the society. According to Adam Smith, the tax structure should be fair and clear enough i.e. everyone should have the information regarding the tax that is paid and the administration of the tax system should be clear and easy. While a tax is introduced the following facts should be kept into mind. 1. The tax system should be economically efficient i.e. the benefit of taxation should exceed the social cost of it. The benefit includes the correcting effect, allocation of resources and insurance of equality. 2. The tax system should possess administrative efficiency. It should be easy to monitor and maintain and the system should be simple enough so that the administrative cost and the compliance cost are minimum. 4. There should be close coordination between the political decision makers and the tax system. It implies that tax payers should have the perfect knowledge about the mode of operation of the taxation system and the political decision makers should be well aware of the preference of the people so that the change in decision must be the resemblance of the choice of the majority of the tax payers which is a basic feature of a democratic system. All the aforesaid features are closely related to a fair distribution and the economic benefit of the taxes. Beneficial tax normally refers to the optimal taxation. The optimal tax theory is based on the equality and the economy of collection of taxation. While any government frames a taxation policy it should keep into mind that the taxation should be socially justified and have minimum impacts on the economic decisions. A wide

Williams Presents Essay Example for Free

Williams Presents Essay Eddie and Mickey were born from the same mother Mrs. Johnston, but they have extremely different lives. They were identical twins; they look exactly the same. But Mrs. Lyons separated them and made them have a different life. From then on, one of them, Mickey stayed with Mrs. Johnston lives in a big, poor family and the other one who was taken by Mrs. Lyons became very rich and got everything. They have been in a different world because of many factors surrounding them to rich or poor from the moment they have been born. I think the most influential factors are the family they have got and the family classes different. The different kind and level of education they have got did also influence them much. Also, the religion of the family is one of the factors that affect the life of the child as well. Different thing has different amount of influence to Mickey and Eddies life. I am going to discuss the factors one by one. The social context is messy at the time between late 70s and early 80s that the play was set. It is called recession. Margaret Thatcher is the Prime Minister; she encouraged people to make lots of money. As a result, the rich people in middle or upper class can earn much money but the poor people in working class lost their jobs. Life is very hard for working class, as they get poorer without a job. Mickeys family is suffered from this social climate. His family is poor. Unlike Eddie, his family is in middle class, he is rich. They have a great contrast in their life because the classes are different. Marilyn Monroe is the social icon of the day at that time. She is very glamorous, rich and she represents a life of fantasy. Everyone wants to be her. We know that from the book on p. 14, Act 1, Scene 1, it said He told me I was sexier than Marilyn Monroe, which is about Mr. Johnston said her wife was sexier, lovelier than Marilyn Monroe. It shows the value of that time. But that is what totally different from Mickey. Mickey is poor; he dressed scruffy. He lives in council house and his family is working class. He does not have money to buy everything he wanted. But Eddie, he is rich, he has got new clothes, and he looks smart. He lives in private house and his family is middle class. They are exactly the same, but the way of living is really different with one of them is living in a rich environment and another lives in a poor world. This is how the classes different influence their life. The size and people in their family have also influenced them. Mickey has a big family with 7 brothers and sisters. The speech of the mother in p. 14, Act 1, Scene 1, told us about that. She said: Seven hungry mouths to feed and one more nearly due. Mickey is the youngest in the family; he has to fight for food and everything with the elder brothers and sisters. Therefore, he needs to grow up fast and look tough to protect himself in case of beaten up by others. He also wants to his elder brother Sammy because he wants to get older so he can do everything he loves. We can see how much he wants to be Sammy in the book on p. 30, Act 2, Scene 1, he has repeated the sentences I wish I was our Sammy. - for five times. He does everything Sammy did; however, Sammy was not a good example for Mickey to learn. So Mickey becomes a joker and streetwise since he has got influenced by his brother Sammy. The family of Eddie, we know that he is the only child in his rich family and they are in middle class. He lives with his mum only most of his life. We dont know much about Eddies father because the book does not mention about him much. Mrs., Lyons, Eddies mother, loves her son very much. She gives him a good shelter, gives him everything he wanted. This makes very weak and soft and he will not know the hardship of the working class since life is easy for him. Time ran through quick by dramatic devices in the book. We can see how much difference between Mickey and Eddie over a long period. At first, when they are born, they are not much different from each other in either class or education. But when they are at the age of 17, Mickey is dropped out from school and on the other side Eddie was going to University. Then, when they both go to work, Mickey loses his job and Eddie is the boss of a factory. The education level made them have such a big difference. Mickey is poor educated as he left school when he was 17. He was study in government school. Normally, there is nothing bad to study in government school. But compare to Eddie, Eddie was study in private school, he was well educated. He could use a dictionary at the age of seven while Mickey do not even know what a dictionary is. We knew that from the conversation between Mickey and Eddie. Eddie said, I shall look it up in a dictionary. from p. 33, Act 2, Scene 2. From the speech of the narrator at p. 56, Act 4, Scene 1, we know Mickey and Eddie are getting older as they are 18. This is the job of narrator to take us through time and speed things up. Eddies goes into a University straight after he left his college but at that time Mickey was already dropped out from the school and working in a factory. Then, Eddie got a job, which is the boss of the factory, straight after he finished his studying. By that time Eddie becomes really powerful and rich but the other one, Mickey, is just a worker in a factory! They are identical twins but we can see how education makes them go into a different life. Superstition is one of the influences. Mrs. Johnston is very superstitious as we can see from the several events from the book. On p. 18, Act 1, Scene 3, Mrs. Lyons put a pair of new shoes on the table then Mrs. Johnston saw it and tell her never do this. This is a superstition thinking that something had will happen to you, which you will never notice. This shows that Mrs. Johnston is superstitious. I believe that she believes in religion. And this makes Mickey kind of superstitious as well. He believes what blood brother is. On the other side, I dont think Mrs. Lyons has any religion at all. She does not respect Mrs. Johnston and always use the weakness of Mrs. Johnston, that she is superstitious, to coerce her into doing something. At first Eddie does not believe any superstition things but Mickey influences him. He admires Mickey and everything Mickey does. He likes Mickey and wants Mickey likes him as well. On p. 32, Act2 2, Scene 2, we know Eddie gives sweets to Mickey. This reflected he is eager to please. Eddie used to dont know much about colloquial until Mickey told him. He thought everything Mickey said was smashing. And he believes that what Mrs. Johnston told her on p. 35, Act 2, Scene 2, about bogeyman. This shows that he is nai ve and innocent. In conclusion, I can divide the influences on the lives of Mickey and Eddie in four main sections. The differences between Mickey and Eddie in the family, the social class they are, the education they have and the religion of the family. They are identical twins but they have got a very different life, I think it is because these things that I have mentioned before influenced them.